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This book's introduction to foreign policy analysis focuses on decision makers and decision making. Each chapter is organised around puzzles and questions to which undergraduates can relate. The book emphasizes the importance of individuals in foreign policy decision making, while also placing decision makers within their context.

Foreign policy analysis (FPA) has long studied leaders and individual decision makers. In contrast, international relations (IR) long favored the system level of analysis, treating the state as an abstract unitary actor. However, IR has begun to rediscover the individual level of analysis, making this an opportune time to consider the contributions of both FPA and IR to the study of leaders and decision makers. This article reviews how FPA and IR study individual decision makers, highlighting prominent approaches in each field, comparing these approaches –highlighting similarities, differences, and connections –and discusses appropriate applications of each in empirical research. The contribution ends with suggestions for integrating the FPA and IR approaches to the study of leaders and individual decision makers, highlighting how this integration benefits the ability of both FPA and IR to address interesting research questions regarding the role of leaders and individual decision makers in international politics.

ABSTRACTDutch political science curricula integrate the acquisition of knowledge of the discipline and transferable skills. This makes it an interesting case for US political science education, especially in light of Wahlke's (1991) recommendations for a structured political science curriculum that incorporates skills training in addition to knowledge of the field. Although some of Wahlke's recommendations were widely adopted, US political science curricula remain relatively loosely structured and often do not explicitly focus on transferable skills.This article argues that the Dutch example may help US programs revisit how to best achieve learning outcomes that allow students to acquire both knowledge and transferable skills. This is not an argument for "going Dutch" wholesale; instead, the article suggests modest modifications to US political science curricula.

"Role Theory in Foreign Policy" published on by Oxford University Press.

This study systematically investigates the factors that determine sending country openness or restrictiveness regarding intercountry adoption. It hypothesizes that larger orphan populations, greater global interconnectedness, and accession to the Hague Convention are associated with greater openness, whereas the political empowerment of women and larger Islamic populations are expected to be associated with greater restrictiveness. The study employs an original, global data set to empirically test the significance of the hypothesized factors in explaining a country's openness to intercountry adoption. The study finds that burgeoning orphan populations are associated with greater openness to intercountry adoption and women's presence in political decision making is associated with greater restrictiveness. The findings call into question the effectiveness of the current intercountry adoption regime. Adapted from the source document.

The adoption of international norms by a state depends on the active support of decision makers in key gatekeeping positions. Yet, political change does not inevitably follow the initiatives of norm entrepreneurs. The literature on norm dynamics has largely focused on successful norm change. This focus on cases that support the notion that norms matter constitutes selection on the dependent variable. To more fully grasp the role and limits of gatekeepers, it is important to also investigate cases where political resistance prevented the domestic adoption of international norms. This study uses an illustrative case study in which circumstances appeared ripe for a new policy direction but where change failed to materialize. The study concludes that gatekeepers matter, but also that norm change crucially, depends not only on gatekeepers' ability to frame norms in terms that resonate domestically but also on their ability to build coalitions with other relevant political actors. Adapted from the source document.

ObjectiveThis study systematically investigates the factors that determine sending country openness or restrictiveness regarding intercountry adoption. It hypothesizes that larger orphan populations, greater global interconnectedness, and accession to the Hague Convention are associated with greater openness, whereas the political empowerment of women and larger Islamic populations are expected to be associated with greater restrictiveness.MethodsThe study employs an original, global data set to empirically test the significance of the hypothesized factors in explaining a country's openness to intercountry adoption.ResultsThe study finds that burgeoning orphan populations are associated with greater openness to intercountry adoption and women's presence in political decision making is associated with greater restrictiveness.ConclusionThe findings call into question the effectiveness of the current intercountry adoption regime.